an antagonist is where the muscle lengthens/relaxes in the event of a muscular contraction, for example the upwards phase of a leg curl, the bicep femoris is relaxed.
this is where the agonist comes in- this is where the muscle shortens in the event of a muscular contraction for example the leg curl the rectus femoris shortens, making it the agonist
the rectus femoris and biceps femoris work accordingly in the upwards phase of the leg curl, one being the agonist and one being the antagonist.
the fixator muscles are the muscles which hold the muscles controlling the movement together by contracting. for example in the upwards phase of a bicep curl whereby the bicep femoris is flexing, the latissimus dorsi, trapezius, and pectorals major contracting, holding the movement together.
the origin of a muscle is the part of the muscle which remains fixed during contraction-it doesn't move.usually at the top of the muscle. the insertion of a muscle is the part which tends to move towards the origin during contraction. usually at the bottom of the muscle
an isometric contraction is where there is no joint movement during a contraction. for example a rugby scrum the shoulder and back muscles (posterior and anterior deltoids, and trapezuis') contract isometrically and the muscle do not shorten or lengthen when contracting.
in an isotonic contraction there are two parts; concentric and exentric. concentric is where the muscle shortens under contraction, for example the upwards phase of the bicep curl in the biceps brachii. exentric is where the muscle lengthens under contraction, for example the downwards phase of the bicep curl, the biceps brachii lengthens through extension at the elbow.
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